Class 11 Physics (NEB) – Complete Course with Notes, Numericals, and MCQs
Categories: Class 11 Physics
About Course
Master NEB Class 11 Physics with our complete online course designed for Nepali students. Get detailed notes, solved numericals, interactive MCQs, and video lessons covering all NEB units — from mechanics to heat, waves, optics, and electricity. Perfect for SEE graduates and science stream beginners aiming to build a strong foundation for Grade 12 and entrance exams.
- Content Area: Mechanics
Include 1 to 8 topics[8]
2. Content Area: Heat and thermodynamics
Include 9 to 13 topics [5]
3. Content Area: Wave and Optics
Include 14 to 18 [5]
4. Content Area: Electricity and Magnetism
Include 19 to 23 [5]
5. Content Area: Modern Physics
Include 24 to 26 [3]
Course Content
1. Mechanics
Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects and the forces acting upon them. It helps us understand how and why things move — from a falling apple to the orbit of planets. This topic introduces fundamental physical quantities, units, and measurements, followed by an in-depth study of motion in one and two dimensions.
Students learn about vectors, Newton’s laws of motion, work, energy, power, and the laws governing circular motion and gravitation. Concepts like elasticity and Hooke’s law explain how materials respond to applied forces. Through examples, derivations, and problem-solving exercises, learners build a strong foundation in classical physics — essential for higher studies in science and engineering.
By the end of this topic, students will be able to analyze different types of motion, apply the laws of dynamics, and solve real-life physics problems involving force, energy, and gravity.
1. Physical Quantities
1.1 Demonstrate the meaning, importance and
applications of precision in the
measurements
1.2 Understand the meaning and importance of significant figures in measurements
1.3 Explain the meaning of dimensions of a physical quantity
1.4 Workout the dimensions of derived physical quantities applicable to this syllabus
1.5 Apply dimensional analysis method to check the homogeneity of physical equations
2. Vectors
2.1 Distinguish between scalar and vector quantities
2.2 Add or subtract coplanar vectors by drawing scale diagram (vector triangle, parallelogram or polygon method)
2.3 Understand the meaning and importance of unit vectors
2.4 Represent a vector as two perpendicular components
2.5 Resolve co-planer vectors using component method
2.6 Describe scalar and vector products
2.7 Understand the meaning and applications of scalar and vector product with examples
2.8 Solve related problems.
3. Kinematics
3.1 Define displacement, instantaneous velocity and acceleration with relevant examples
3.2 Explain and use the concept of relative velocity
3.3 Draw displacement-time and velocity-time graph to represent motion, and determine velocity from the gradient of displacement-time graph, acceleration from the gradient of velocity-time graph and displacement from the area under a velocity-time graph
3.4 Establish equations for a uniformly accelerated motion in a straight line from graphical representation of such motion and use them to solve related numerical problems
3.5 Write the equations of motion under the action of gravity and solve numerical problem related to it
3.6 Understand projectile motion as motion due to a uniform velocity in one direction and a uniform acceleration in a perpendicular direction, derive the equations for various physical quantities (maximum height, time of flight, time taken to reach maximum height, horizontal range, resultant velocity) and use them to solve mathematical problems related to projectile motion
4. Dynamics:
4.1 Define linear momentum, impulse, and establish the relation between them
4.2 Define and use force as rate of change of momentum
4.3 State and prove the principle of conservation of linear momentum using Newton’s second and Newton’s third of motion
4.4 Define and apply moment of a force and torque of a couple
4.5 State and apply the principle of moments
4.6 State and apply the conditions necessary for a particle to be in equilibrium
4.7 State and explain the laws of solid friction
4.8 Show the coefficient of friction is equal to the tangent of angle of repose and use the concept to solve problems.
4.9 Solve the numerical problem and conceptual question on dynamics
5. Work, energy and power:
5.1 Explain work done by a constant force and a variable force
5.2 State and prove work-energy theorem
5.3 Distinguish between kinetic energy and potential energy and establish their formulae
5.4 State and prove the principle of conservation of energy
5.5 Differentiate between conservative and non-conservative force
5.6 Differentiate between elastic and inelastic collision and hence explain the elastic collision in one dimension
5.7 Solve the numerical problems and conceptual questions regarding work, energy, power and collision
6. Circular motion
6.1 Define angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration
6.2 Establish the relation between angular and linear velocity & acceleration
6.3 Define centripetal force
6.4 Derive the expression for centripetal acceleration and use it to solve problems related to centripetal force
6.5 Describe the motion in vertical circle, motion of vehicles on banked surface
6.6 Derive the period for conical pendulum
6.7 Solve the numerical problem and conceptual question on circular motion
7. Gravitation
7.1 Explain Newton’s law of gravitation
7.2 Define gravitational field strength
7.3 Define and derive formula of gravitational potential and gravitational potential energy
7.4 Describe the variation in value of ‘g’ due to altitude and depth
7.5 Define center of mass and center of gravity
7.6 Derive the formula for orbital velocity and time period of satellite
7.7 Define escape velocity and derive the expression of escape velocity
7.8 Find the potential and kinetic energy of the satellite
7.9 Define geostationary satellite and state the necessary conditions for it
7.10 Describe briefly the working principle of Global Position -System (GPS)
7.11 Solve the numerical problems and conceptual questions regarding related to the gravitation
8. Elasticity
8.1 State and explain Hooke’s law
8.2 Define the terms stress, strain, elasticity and plasticity
8.3 Define the types of elastic modulus such as young modulus, bulk modulus and shear modulus
8.4 Define Poisson’s ratio
8.5 Derive the expression for energy stored in a stretched wire
8.6 Solve the numerical problems and conceptual questions regarding elasticity
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1. Physical Quantities (Measurement, Precision & Dimensions)
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10 Quiz: Physical Quantities
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2. Vector
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3. Kinematics
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🧭 Lesson 3 Quiz – Kinematics (10 MCQs)
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4. Dynamics
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Lesson 4: Dynamics — MCQs
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5. Work, Energy and Power
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6. Circular Motion
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7. Gravitation
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8. Elasticity
2. Heat and thermodynamics
The topic Heat and Thermodynamics explores how energy is transferred between bodies and transformed from one form to another. It explains the physical meaning of heat and temperature, how they differ, and how they can be measured accurately. Students learn about thermal expansion in solids, liquids, and gases, and the practical significance of expansion in daily life and engineering applications.
This topic also covers the concept of specific heat, latent heat, and the principle of calorimetry used in determining heat changes during physical processes. The study of heat transfer — conduction, convection, and radiation — helps students understand how thermal energy moves through different materials. Finally, the first law of thermodynamics introduces the relationship between heat, internal energy, and work, forming the basis of energy conservation in thermal systems.
By the end of this unit, students will be able to explain how heat affects matter, calculate heat exchange in various processes, and apply thermodynamic principles to everyday and scientific situations.
9. Heat and temperature
9.1 Explain the molecular concept of thermal energy, heat and temperature, and cause and direction of heat flow
9.2 Explain the meaning of thermal equilibrium and Zeroth law of thermodynamics.
9.3 Explain thermal equilibrium as a working principle of mercury thermometer.
10. Thermal Expansion
10.1 Explain some examples and applications of thermal expansion, and demonstrate it with simple experiments.
10.2 Explain linear, superficial, cubical expansion and define their corresponding coefficients with physical meaning.
10.3 Establish a relation between coefficients of thermal expansion.
10.4 Describe Pullinger’s method to determine coefficient of linear expansion.
10.5 Explain force set up due to expansion and contraction.
10.6 Explain differential expansion and its applications.
10.7 Explain the variation of density with temperature.
10.8 Explain real and apparent expansion of liquid appreciating the relation yr = yg + ya.
10.9 Describe Dulong and Petit’s experiment to determine absolute expansivity of liquid.
10.10 Solve mathematical problems related to thermal expansion.
11. Quantity of Heat
11.1 Define heat capacity and specific heat capacity and explain application of high specific heat capacity of water and low specific heat capacity of cooking oil and massage oil
11.2 Describe Newton’s law of cooling with some suitable daily life examples.
11.3 Explain the principle of calorimetry and describe any one standard process of determining specific heat capacity of a solid
11.4 Explain the meaning of latent heat of substance appreciating the graph between heat and temperature and define specific latent heat of fusion and vaporization.
11.5 Describe any one standard method of measurement of specific latent heat of fusion and explain briefly the effect of external pressure on boiling and melting point.
11.6 Distinguish evaporation and boiling.
11.7 Define triple point.
11.8 Solve mathematical problems related to heat
12. Rate of heat flow
12.1 Explain the transfer of heat by conduction, convection and radiation with examples and state their applications in daily life.
12.2 Define temperature gradient and relate it with rate of heat transfer along a conductor.
12.3 Define coefficient of thermal conductivity and describe Searl’s method for its determination.
12.4 Relate coefficient of reflection (r), coefficient of transmission (t) and coefficient of absorption (r + a + t = 1).
12.5 Explain ideal radiator (e= 1, a =1) and black body radiation.
12.6 State and explain Stefan’s law of black body radiation using terms; emissive power and emissivity.
12.7 Describe idea to estimate apparent temperature of sun.
12.8 Solve mathematical problems related to thermal conduction and black body radiations.
13. Ideal gas
13.1 Relate pressure coefficient and volume coefficient of gas using Charles’s law and Boyle’s law.
13.2 Define absolute zero temperature with the support of P - V, V- T graph.
13.3 Combine Charles’s law and Boyle’s law to obtain ideal gas equation.
13.4 Explain molecules, inter molecular forces, moles and Avogadro’s number.
13.5 Explain the assumptions of kinetic – molecular model of an ideal gas.
13.6 Derive expression for pressure exerted by gas due to collisions with wall of the container appreciating the use of Newton’s law of motion.
13.7 Explain the root mean square speed of gas and its relationship with temperature and molecular mass.
13.8 Relate the pressure and kinetic energy.
13.9 Calculate the average translational kinetic energy of gas for 1 molecule and Avogadro’s number of molecules.
13.10 Solve mathematical problems related ideal gas.
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🔥 Heat and Temperature – Detailed Notes
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Lesson 10: Thermal Expansion – Detailed Notes
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Lesson 11: Quantity of Heat – Detailed Notes
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Lesson 12: Rate of Heat Flow – Detailed Notes
3. Wave and Optics
The topic Wave and Optics deals with the study of vibrations, wave motion, and the behavior of light. It begins with simple harmonic motion (SHM), explaining how repetitive oscillations form the basis of all wave phenomena. Students explore the nature and types of waves, their properties such as frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and speed, and the principle of superposition that governs interference and resonance.
The section on sound waves introduces the concept of pitch, intensity, and Doppler effect, helping learners understand how sound travels and changes with motion. In optics, the focus shifts to the behavior of light — including reflection, refraction, and the working principles of lenses and optical instruments. Students learn how lenses form images and how devices like microscopes and telescopes use these principles to magnify distant or minute objects.
By the end of this topic, students will be able to describe the characteristics of mechanical and light waves, analyze wave behavior through mathematical relations, and apply optical principles to real-world applications and scientific instruments.
14. Reflection at curved mirrors
14.1 State the relation between object distance, image distance and focal length of curved mirrors
14.2 State the relation between object size and image size
14.3 Know the difference between the real and virtual image in geometrical optics
14.4 Calculate the focal length of curved mirrors and its applications
15. Refraction at plane surfaces
15.1 Recall the laws of refraction
15.2 Understand the meaning of lateral shift
15.3 Understand the meaning of refractive index of a medium
15.4 Calculate refractive index of a medium using angle of incidence and angle of refraction
15.5 Learn the relation between the refractive indices
15.6 Know the meaning of total internal reflection and the condition for it
15.7 Understand critical angle and learn the applications of total internal reflection
15.8 Explain the working principle of optical fiber
16. Refraction through prisms:
16.1 Understand minimum deviation condition
16.2 Discuss relation between angle of prism, angle of minimum deviation and refractive index
16.3 Use above relations to find the values of refractive index of the prism
16.4 Understand deviation in small angle prism and learn its importance in real life
17. Lenses
17.1 State properties of Spherical lenses
17.2 State the relation between object distance, image distance and focal length of a convex lens
17.3 Define visual angle and angular magnification
17.4 Derive Lens maker’s formula and use it to find focal length
18. Dispersion
18.1 Understand pure spectrum
18.2 Learn the meaning of dispersive power
18.3 Discuss chromatic and spherical aberration
18.4 Discuss achromatism in lens and its applications
4. Electricity and Magnetism
The topic Electricity and Magnetism explores the fundamental connection between electric charges, electric fields, and magnetic forces. It begins with the study of electrostatics — including electric charge, Coulomb’s law, electric field, and potential — which forms the basis for understanding how charged particles interact. Students then learn about capacitors and capacitance, energy storage, and the practical use of capacitors in electrical circuits.
The course progresses to current electricity, where concepts like Ohm’s law, resistivity, series and parallel combinations, and Kirchhoff’s laws are applied to analyze electric circuits. The magnetism section introduces the magnetic effects of current, force on a moving charge, and the Earth’s magnetic field. The final part explains electromagnetic induction — how a changing magnetic field produces electricity — and its applications in generators, transformers, and other devices.
By the end of this topic, students will be able to explain and analyze electric and magnetic phenomena, solve circuit-related problems, and understand how electricity and magnetism combine to power modern technology and everyday life.
19. Electric charges
19.1 Understand the concept of electric charge and charge carriers
19.2 Understand the process of charging by friction and use the concept to explain related day to day observations
19.3 Understand that, for any point outside a spherical conductor, the charge on the sphere may be considered to act as a point charge at its centre
19.4 State Coulomb’s law
19.5 Recall and use 𝐹 = Qq/4##r^2 for the force between two point charges in free space or air
19.6 Compute the magnitude and direction of the net force acting at a point due to multiple charges
20. Electric field:
20.1 Describe an electric field as a region in which an electric charge experiences a force
20.2 Define electric field strength as force per unit positive charge acting on a stationary point charge
20.3 Calculate forces on charges in uniform electric fields of known strength
20.4 Use 𝐸 = Q/4##r^2 strength of a point charge in free space or air
20.5 Illustrate graphically the changes in electric field strength with respect distance from a point charge
20.6 Represent an electric field by means of field lines
20.7 Describe the effect of a uniform electric field on the motion of charged particles
20.8 Understand the concept of electric flux of a surface
20.9 State Gauss law and apply it for a field of a charged sphere and for line charge
20.10 Understand that uniform field exists between charged parallel plates and sketch the field lines
21. Potential, potential difference and potential energy
21.1 Define potential at a point as the work done per unit positive charge in bringing a small test charge from infinity to the point
21.2 Use electron volt as a unit of electric potential energy
21.3 Recall and use 𝑉 = Q/4##r for the potential in the field of a point charge
21.4 Illustrate graphically the variation in potential along a straight line from the source charge and understand that the field strength of the field at a point is equal to the negative of potential gradient at that point
21.5 Understand the concept of equipotential lines and surfaces and relate it to potential difference between two points
21.6 Recall and use 𝐸 = ∆V/∆X to calculate the field strength of the uniform field between charged parallel plates in terms of potential difference and separation
22. Capacitor
22.1 capacitance and capacitor
a. Show understanding of the uses of capacitors in simple electrical circuits
b. Define capacitance as the ratio of the change in an electric charge in a system to the corresponding change in its electric potential and associate it to the ability of a system to store charge
c. Use 𝐶 = Q/V
d. Relate capacitance to the gradient of potential-charge graph
22.2 Parallel plate capacitor
a. Derive 𝐶 = #A/d , using Gauss law and 𝐶 = Q/V, for parallel plate capacitor
b. Explain the effect on the capacitance of parallel plate capacitor of changing the surface area and separation of the plates
c. Explain the effect of a dielectric in a parallel plate capacitor in
22.3 Combination of capacitors
a. Derive formula for combined capacitance for capacitors in series combinations
b. Solve problems related to capacitors in series combinations
c. Derive formula for combined capacitance for capacitors in parallel combinations
d. Solve problems related to capacitors in parallel combinations
22.4 Energy stored in a charged capacitor
a. Deduce, from the area under the potential-charge graph, the equations 𝐸 = ଵଶ𝑄𝑉and hence 𝐸 = ଵଶ 𝐶𝑉ଶ for the average electrical energy of charged capacitor
22.5 Effect of dielectric
b. Show understanding of a dielectric as a material that polarizes when subjected to electric field
c. Explain the effect of inserting dielectric between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor on its capacitance
23. DC Circuits
23.1 Electric Currents; Drift velocity and its relation with current
a. Understand the concept that potential difference between two points in aconductor makes the charge carriers drift
b. Define electric current as the rate of flow of positive charge, Q = It
c. Derive, using Q=It and the definition of average drift velocity, the expression I=nAvq where n is the number density of free charge carriers
23.2 Ohm’s law Ohm’s law; Electrical Resistance: resistivity and conductivity
a. Define and apply electric resistance as the ratio of potential difference to current
b. Define ohm , resistivity and conductivity
c. Use R = ρl /A for a conductor
d. Explain, using R = ρl /A, howchanges in dimensions of a conducting wire works as a variable resistor
e. Show an understanding of the structure of strain gauge (pressure sensor) and relate change in pressure to change in in resistance of the gauge
f. Show an understanding of change of resistance with light intensity of a light-dependent resistor (the light sensor)
g. Show an understanding of change of resistance of n-type thermistor to change in temperature (electronic temperature sensor)
23.3 Current-voltage relations: ohmic and non-ohmic
a. Sketch and discuss the I–V characteristics of a metallic conductor at constant temperature, a semiconductor diode and a filament lamp d) state Ohm’s law
b. State Ohm’s law and identify ohmic and non-ohmic resistors
23.4 Resistances in series and parallel
a. Derive, using laws of conservation of charge and conservation of energy, a formula for the combined resistance of two or more resistors in parallel
b. Solve problems using the formula for the combined resistance of two or more resistors in series
c. Derive, using laws of conservation of charge and conservation of energy, a formula for the combined resistance of two or more resistors in parallel
d. Solve problems using the formula for the combined resistance of two or more resistors in series and parallel to solve simple circuit problems
23.5 Potential divider
a. Understand the principle of a potential divider circuit as a source of variable p.d. and use it in simple circuits
b. Explain the use of sensors (thermistors, light-dependent resistors and strain gauges) in potential divider circuit as a source of potential difference that is dependent on temperature, illumination and strain respectively
23.6 Electromotive force of a source, internal resistance
a. Define electromotive force (e.m.f.) in terms of the energy transferred by a source in driving unit charge round a complete circuit
b. Distinguish between e.m.f. and potential difference (p.d.) in terms of energy considerations
c. Understand the effects of the internal resistance of a source of e.m.f. on the terminal potential difference
23.7 Work and power in electrical circuit
a. Derive from the definition of V and I, the relation P=IV for power in electric circuit
b. Use P=IV
c. Derive P=I2R for power dissipated in a resistor of resistance R and use the formula for solving the problems of heating effects of electric current
5. Modern Physics
The topic Modern Physics introduces students to the revolutionary discoveries that transformed our understanding of matter, energy, and atomic structure in the 20th century. It begins with the study of electrons and cathode rays, explaining how scientists discovered the fundamental particles of matter and measured their charge-to-mass ratio. Students then explore the photoelectric effect, which demonstrated the particle nature of light and led to the development of quantum theory.
The final section focuses on radioactivity and nuclear energy, covering types of radioactive decay, half-life, and nuclear reactions such as fission and fusion. These concepts reveal how immense amounts of energy can be released from atomic nuclei and how this energy is used in medicine, research, and power generation.
By the end of this topic, students will understand the dual nature of light, the structure of the atom, and the principles underlying nuclear processes. This foundation prepares learners for advanced studies in modern science, quantum physics, and nuclear technology.
24. Nuclear physics
24.1 Explain how nucleus was discovered
24.2 Convey the meaning of mass number, atomic number
24.3 Calculate the expression of nuclear density
24.4 Explain the existence of different isotopes of the same element
24.5 Describe main theme of Einstein’s mass energy relation and state the relation
24.6 Explain the meaning of mass defect and cause of it
24.7 Describe the terms creation and annihilation
24.8 Derive the relation of binding energy and binding energy per unit nucleon of different nuclei
24.9 Plot a graph between BE per nucleon and mass number of different nuclei
24.10 Define nuclear fusion and fission and explain the mechanism of energy release
24.11 Solve numerical problems related to nuclear physics
25. Solids
25.1 Distinguish between energy level and energy band along with the formation of energy band in solids
25.2 Differentiate metals, semiconductors, and conductors on the basis of energy band
25.3 Explain the meaning of intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors with examples
25.4 Explain how p and n type semiconductors are formed
25.5 Interpret unit related conceptual questions clearly
26. Recent Trends in Physics
26.1 Explain elementary particles and antiparticles
26.2 Classify the particles with examples
26.3 Name different quarks with their charges and symbols
26.4 Write quark combination of few mesons and baryons particles
26.5 Describe leptons with examples
26.6 Explain Big Bang and Hubble’s law and justify the expansion of the universe
26.7 Briefly describe dark matter, black hole and gravitational wave
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