Cell Division

This lesson explains the concept and importance of Mitosis Cell Division and Meiosis Cell Division.

Cell division is the biological process by which a parent cell splits into two or more daughter cells. It is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction in all living organisms.

🔹 Types of Cell Division:

1. Mitosis (माइटोसिस):

• Occurs in body (somatic) cells.

• Produces 2 identical daughter cells.

• Used for:

  • Growth

  • Repair of tissues

  • Asexual reproduction

• The number of chromosomes remains the same as the parent cell (diploid → diploid).

Phases of Mitosis:

1. Prophase – Chromosomes condense, and the spindle forms

2. Metaphase – Chromosomes align at the centre

3. Anaphase – Chromatids separate and move to the poles

4. Telophase – New nuclei form

5. Cytokinesis – The Cell splits into two

2. Meiosis (मियोसिस):

• It occurs in sex cells (gametes), such as sperm and egg.

• Produces 4 daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes (haploid).

• Essential for sexual reproduction and genetic variation.

• Happens in two stages:

  • Meiosis I: Homologous chromosomes separate

  • Meiosis II: Sister chromatids separate

🔹 Why Is Cell Division Important?

🧠 Bonus Terms:

• Chromosome: DNA structure carrying genetic information

• Chromatid: Each half of a duplicated chromosome

• Centromere: Joins two chromatids

• Spindle fibres: Help pull chromosomes apart

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