Echoes Within

Course Content
Intro About Course
This **Class 10 Science and Technology** course is tailored for school-level students and strictly follows the official syllabus issued by the [Curriculum Development Centre (CDC) Nepal](https://moest.gov.np/cdc) for the academic year **B.S. 2078**.Aligned with the subject code **SCT.008**, this course ensures that learners grasp key concepts, prepare effectively for exams, and gain practical scientific knowledge. It includes updated topics based on the latest **CDC Nepal curriculum**, making it ideal for students aiming for academic excellence in the **Class 10 board examination**.👉 For a detailed unit-wise breakdown, visit our [Class 10 Science Full Syllabus Page](#) (Replace `#` with the internal page URL)This course is suitable for self-study, school use, or as a revision tool, offering clear explanations, diagrams, and sample questions.Stay ahead in your learning with the most trusted and structured **Class 10 Science and Technology course in Nepal**. Official Syllabus PDF You can download the official syllabus directly from the CDC Nepal website: Download Class 10 Science and Technology Syllabus (PDF)Course Units Overview The Class 10 Science and Technology curriculum is structured into several units, each focusing on different scientific concepts. While the exact unit titles and content may vary, the syllabus typically includes the following areas:
1. Scentific Learning
After comletion of this topic, students will be able to : 1.1 - investigate independent variable, dependent variable, and control variablein scientific research and mention importance of control variable. 1.2 - differetiate between fundamental and derived units. 1.3 - to investigate the fundamental units involved in derived unit. 1.4 - to use the fundamental units in physical equation to examine their homogeneity.
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2. Classification of Living Beings
Upon completion of this topic, the students will be able to : 2.1 -classify plants and animals on the basis of five-kingdom classification system and explain the characteristics of each division (of plants) and phylum (of animals) with examples. 2.2 -classify the subdivision angiosperms upto the class and compare their classes. 2.3 -classify the sub-phylum vertebrata upto the class and compare their classes. 2.4 -describe the relationship between classification of living beings and their evolution.
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3. Honey Bee
Upon completion of this topic, the students will be able to : 3.1 describe the life cycle of a honeybee. 3.2 explain the importance of honeybees.
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Heridity
Heredity is the process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes. It explains why children resemble their parents and why certain diseases or features run in families. After studing this topic (Heridity) students are able to learn and understand about to : -explain about concept and importance of Mitosis and Meiosis Cell Division. - introduce chromosome and gene. -differentiate between DNA and RNA on the basis of structure and function. And to tell Importance of DNA Test in different research. - explain the role of sex chromosome in sex determination of human. - explain Mendel's Laws related to monohybrid cross. -introduce Genetic Technology, and its uses related to research.
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Physiological Structure and Life Process
The human body is a complex system made up of various physiological structures that work together to sustain life. These structures include organs, tissues, and systems like the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, and excretory systems. Each life process—such as nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli—is carried out by specialized organs and systems. These life processes are essential for: Maintaining homeostasis (internal balance), Providing energy, Removing waste, Ensuring survival and reproduction. For example: The digestive system breaks down food for energy, The respiratory system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide, The circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen, The nervous system helps in control and coordination. Together, these physiological structures and life processes form the foundation of biological function, allowing organisms to live, adapt, and interact with their environment.
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Motion and Force
After completion of this topic, the students will be able: - state the universal law of gravitation and solve numericals problems related to it. - define acceleration due to gravity and express its relation to the distance between the surface and center of earth. - introduce gravity and calculate the weight of a body. - introduce the concept of free fall. - describe the effect of air resistance on falling objects and investigate its advantage in daily life.
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Pressure
Upon completion of this topic, the students will be able to: 1.State and demonstrate Pascal's law and investigate its use in daily life. 2.Introduce upthrust in liquid and gas. 3.State and demonstrate Archimedes' principle and investigate its usein daily life.
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Heat
After completion of this topic, the students will be able to: 1.Introduce thermal energy, heat and temperature. 2. Explain the effect of heat on the molecular motion and change in the volume of abody and investigate the importance of anomalous expansion of water. 3. Introduce specific heat capacity of different bodoies and solve simple numerical problems related to it. 4.provide a brief description of the working principles of a laboratory thermometer, a digital clinical thermometer, and a radiation thermometer; and demonstrate the calibration of a thermometer through experimentation.
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Wave
After completion of this topic, the students will be able to: 1. explain the concept of wave refraction and demonstrate the laws of refraction. 2. introduce total internal reflection(TIR) of waves and explain the importance of TIR in sound and light wave applications. 3. demonstrate the dispersion of light and identify its practical applications in daily life. 4. define terms related to lenses and illustrate the laws of refraction by a lens using diagrams. 5. demonstrate the process of forming an image of an object through a lens and describe the features of the resulting image. 6.define optical power and explain the relationship between the lens and curve and its power. 7. describe the process of image formation in the human eye, accompanied by a diagram. 8. describe the types, causes, and correction of vision defects, supported by diagrams. 9. mention the effects of injury to the cornea on vision and introduce problems such as night blindness, cataracts, and colour blindness.
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Electricity and Magnetism
After completion of this topic, the students will be able to: 1. introduce direct current and alternating current. 2. demonstrate and sketch the diagram of the magnetic field formed around a straight wire and a solenoid with an electric current in them. 3. introduce magnetic lines of force and magnetic flux. 4.introduce the motor effect and describe its use in daily life. 5. mention Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction and explain the working process of dynamo and generator based on it. 6. state the structure, working method, and importance of a transformer and solve simple numerical problems based on it.
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Universe
After completion of this topic, the students will be able to: 1. mention the importance of gravitational force in the universe. 2. describe the origin of the universe based on the Big Bang Theory. 3. state the conclusion of Hubbel's study related to the motion of heavenly bodies. 4. write about the future of the universe based on the law of gravitation.
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Information and Communication Technology(ICT)
After completion of this topic, the students will be able to: 13.1. introduce the types of signals and use of the digital signals in our everyday life. 13.2. mention the differences between bit and bytes. 13.3. explain the mecanism of digital signal transmission with examples. 13.4. discuss some responsibilities of netizens, online reputation and digital wellbeing. 13.5. discuss the importance of multimedia in the classroom.
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Classification of Elements
After completion of this topic, the students will be able to: 1. demonstrate the understanding of modern periodic table. 2. describe the interrelation between the elements of certain groups and periods based on their atomic size, electropositivity, electronegativity, valency, and reactivity. 3. explain the classification of elements in the modern periodic table. 4. explain the position of metals, non-metals, and metalloids in the modern periodic table. 5. write the electronic configuration of elements up to the atomic number 20 on the basis of subshell.
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Chemical Reaction
After completion of this topic, the students will be able to: 1. describe the types of chemical reactions with examples. 2.explain and demonstrate experimentally the factors affecting the rate of chemical reactions.
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Gases
After completion of this topic, the students will be able to: 1. describe the methods of preparation of carbon dioxide, and ammonia gases in the laboratory and mention their properties. 2. describe the importance(utility) of carbon dioxide and ammonia. 3. explain the causes, effects, and control measures of acid rain. 4. describe the causes, consequences of greenhouse effects, and explain the measures to minimize the effects.
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Metals and Non-Metals
After completion of this topic, the students will be able to: 1. introduce minerals and ores. 2. tell the name of the main ores of iron, copper, silver, and aluinium. explain the process of extraction of metals from their ores briefly.
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Hydrocarbon and its compounds
After completion of this topic, the students will be able to: 1. introduce hydrocarbon with examples. 2. write IUPAC name, molecular structure and uses of hydrocarbons having carbon atom 1 to 4. 3. differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. 4. write the types and molecular formulae of alcohol based on the number of hydroxyl group (-OH). 5. investigate the uses of alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and glycerol.
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Chemicals Used in Daily Life
After completion of this topic, the students will be able to: 1. introduce food preservatives and tell their proper uses. 2. introduce the chemicals used for cleanliness and mention their proper uses. 3. tell the precautions to be taken while storing and using different poisonous chemicals. 4. investigate the industrial chemicals that causes chemical pollution and describe their control measures.
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👉 “SEE 2082 Practice Questions with Answers (Based on Latest Exam Pattern)”
Here is SEE Model Question set as pattern issued by CDC to practice. And Echoes Within try to help you to check your answer with answer written here if required. “These questions are created for practice based on SEE exam pattern and are not official questions from CDC Nepal.”
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Entrance Preparation – Science Practice Set 1
Overview ​Transitioning from SEE to Grade 11 requires more than just memorization; it requires a deep conceptual understanding of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Practice Set 1 is a curated collection of high-yield Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) designed to bridge the gap between secondary school and higher secondary science. ​What You Will Learn ​This set focuses on the core pillars of the Nepal CDC curriculum, with an added layer of difficulty to match the standards of Kathmandu’s top colleges and scholarship examinations. ​Physics: Mastery of fundamental concepts in Force, Energy, and Light (Refraction/Lenses). ​Chemistry: Quick-solving techniques for Chemical Reactions, Atomic Structure, and Periodic Table trends. ​Biology: Critical questions on Human Systems and Life Processes often overlooked in SEE textbooks. ​Key Features ​Scholarship Level: Questions are modeled after previous entrance exams from institutions like St. Xavier’s, SOS, and Budhanilkantha. ​Time Management: Designed to be completed in a timed environment to improve your speed and accuracy. ​Logic-Based: Every question includes a brief explanation to help you understand the why behind the answer, not just the what. ​Who Is This For? ​Students aiming for Full Scholarships in Kathmandu-based colleges. ​Students preparing for entrance exams at prestigious institutions across Nepal. ​Learners who want to strengthen their foundation before starting the Grade 11 Science stream. ​Teacher's Note: Success in entrance exams isn't just about how much you know, but how quickly you can apply that knowledge. Start with Set 1 to build your confidence and identify your weak spots early!
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Class – 10 (Science and Technology)

SEE Practice Model Set 1[EWA0B1C2D3]

Time: 3 hours                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Full Marks: 75

All the questions are compulsory.

Section  ‘A’ (Multiple Choice Questions).  (10×1=10)

1. Write the best alternative to the following questions in the answer sheet( Your own copy).

a. Which of the following is the first stage towards a signal receiver? (K)

i. Decoder

ii. Encoder

III. Demodulator

IV. Modulator

Correct Answer:  iii. Demodulator

b. Why is Cycas kept in gymnosperms?

i. It bears flowers and produces seed.

ii. It bears flowers and has pointed leaves.

iii. It has a cone instead of a flower, and a seed is present inside the fruit.

iv. It has a cone instead of a flower, and the seed is naked.

Correct answer: iv. It has a cone instead of a flower, and the seed is naked

c. When Sanju observed the specimens in the laboratory, she found that both of the organisms are long and cylindrical. She also found that organism A has a cylindrical segmented body, and organism B has no segmented body. By studying the above characteristics, which statement is true for these organisms? (A)

i. Organism A is hermaphrodite, whereas organism B is unisexual.

ii. Organism A is unisexual, whereas organism B is hermaphrodite.

iii. Orɡanism A is diploblastic, whereas organism B is triploblastic.

iv. Organism A is triploblastic, whereas orɡanism B organism is diploblastic.

Correct answer: I. Organism A is unisexual, whereas organism B is hermaphrodite.

 d. Cordyceps, formed by the fusion of a caterpillar and fungi, is shown in the figure. What is the interrelation between the caterpillar and the fungus in this process? (U)

SEE Practice Model Set 1

i. Symbiotic

ii. Parasitic

iii. Saprotrophic

iv. Commensalism

 

e. What would be the acceleration due to gravity of the meteor falling from 10000 km height from the centre? (A)

I. 4.2 m/s²

ii. 4.002 m/s²

iii. 4 m/s²

iv. 4.02 m/s²

 

f. Why is swimming in seawater easier than in a river? (U)

I. The density of seawater is more than that of the river.

ii. The density of seawater is less than that of the river.

iii. The temperature of the seawater is more than that

iv. The temperature of the seawater is less than that of the river.

g. Sarthak named red, green, violet and blue coloured rays in dispersion of speed in the prism as Vr, Vg, Vv, and Vb respectively. Which is the correct order of a speed named by him? (HA)

I. Vg<Vb>Vr<Vv

ii. Vr> Vy> Vb< Vv

iii. Vg< Vy< Vr >Vv

iv. Vr < Vy > Vr < Vv

h. What is the most realistic theory about the origin of the universe? (K)

I. Heliocentric theory

ii. Geocentric theory

iii. Newton’s theory

iv. Big Bang theory

I. What is denoted by X in the given reaction? (U)

KClO₃🔜 X,heat➡️     2KCl + 3O₂

i. Catalyst

ii. Heat

iii. Pressure

iv. Light

j. A statement and two arguments are given below. Statement: Stomach pesticide is a type of pesticide based on the mode of action. (HA)

Argument 1: In this process, the insects die when they eat leaves and fruits of the plants treated with pesticides.

Argument 2: When these pesticides come into contact with the air, poisonous gases are released, due to which the insects die.

I. Statement and argument 2 are correct, but argument 1 is incorrect.

ii. Statement and argument 2 are incorrect, but argument 1 is correct.

iii. Statement and argument 1 are correct, but argument 2 is incorrect.

iv. Statement and argument 1 is incorrect, but argument 2 is correct.

 Section ‘B’                                                                                  (9×1=9)

2. Very short answer questions.

a. Write an advantage of the independent variable.

Answer: It allows the researcher to directly manipulate a specific factor to observe its exact effect on a result.

Answer: It allows the researcher to directly manipulate a specific factor to observe its exact effect on a result.

b. What is upthrust?

c. Write down one utility of optical fibre.

d. In the summer season, the cemented roads seem to be filled with water, but they are not actually. Which phenomenon of light is behind this?

e. What happens when carbon dioxide gas is passed through lime water for a short time?

f. What is red shift?

g. Write the name of the main ore of silver.

h. Why are group VII elements of the periodic table called halogens?

I. Write the structural formula of glycol.

Section ‘C’.                                                                              (14×2=28)

Short answer type questions. 

3. Prove that the unit of potential difference is V=kgm2s-³A-¹.

4. Write any two characteristics of gymnosperms.

5. Which process is represented by A and B?

Drone Bee  ➡️A ➡️Honey Bee ➡️ B🔜 Fertile Queen Bee

6. Write any two differences between a diploid cell and a haploid cell.

7. In which two conditions does in vitro fertilisation help with reproduction in women?

8. Valves are present in veins but not in arteries. Why?

9.  Study the given figure alongside. Figa Write the importance of a plant given in Figure (a). Which part of the plant given in Figure (b) is more useful?

SEE Practice Model set 1

10. Give any two examples of free fall.

11. A body is dropped from the top of the tower of height ‘h’, and at the same time, the next body is thrown up from the bottom of the tower with a velocity of 20 m/s. If these bodies meet after 2 seconds at a point of the tower, calculate the height of the tower. (g=10m/s²)

12. Write an application of a step-up transformer and a step-down transformer each.

13. The coil of the AC generator is shown in the diagram. Write any two ways of increasing the amount of induced electromotive force. 

SEE Practice Model Set 1

14. Suppose an equal volume of hydrogen peroxide is kept in conical flasks P and Q. If some amount of manganese dioxide(MnO₂) and phosphoric acid(H₃PO₄) are kept in P and Q, respectively, in which conical flask is the rate of chemical reaction faster? Write t with reason.

15. A hydrocarbon compound ‘A’ is used to preserve biological specimens, and the next hydrocarbon ‘B’ is used as a sweetening agent in confectionery. Answer the following questions.

i. Write down the IUPAC name of compound ‘A’.

ii. Write the structural formula of compound ‘B’.

16. Write any two applications of Calamus in daily life.

 Section ‘D’                                                                               (7X4=28)

Write a long answer.

17. Nowadays, Facebook Messenger is also used to talk to friends through social media.

a. Write the names of the other two applications used, like Messenger.

b. How do you apply these applications to improve your study? Write in two points.

18. Artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilisation are both assisted reproductive technologies. Based on this fact, answer the following questions.

a. “AI technology has helped to bring happiness to the farmer”. Justify the statement with your two opinions.

b. “IVF is proven to be a boon for childless couples”. Present two reasons to prove this statement.

19. Write any four functions of plasma.

20. Water is used to cool the heated engine of the truck. Why? Aakriti took 3 buckets named A, B, and C. She kept 88 degrees Celsius hot 12 kg of water in bucket A and 13 degrees Celsius hot 24 kg of water in bucket B. She mixed them and kept them in bucket C. What is the final temperature of water in bucket C? (Given that 4200J/kg ⁰C and neglecting the heat taken by the bucket)

21. The schematic ray diagram of a convex lens is given. Study the diagram and answer the following questions.

i. Complete the diagram given alongside to form the image of the object PQ.

ii. Write any two characteristics of the image formed from it.

iii. Name a device in which this ray diagram of a lens is used, and also write an application of this device.

22. Write the answer to the following questions.

I. Name of the element having electronic configuration as 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹.

ii. Name of an alkali metal other than sodium.

iii. Name of a metalloid other than silicon. iv. Name of an alkaline earth metal other than magnesium.

23. Draw a well-labelled diagram of the laboratory preparation of ammonia gas and write down a method to test the gas.

                                                           Best of Luck”