📘 Work, Energy & Power: Summary Note

📘 Summary Note – Work, Energy & Power (For MCQ Practice)

Here is a clear and concise summary note of the lesson Work, Energy, and Power, specifically designed to help you understand key concepts and prepare effectively for MCQs:

Work Energy and Power

🔹 1. Work

Work is said to be done when a force is applied and there is displacement in the direction of the force.
Formula:
W = F × d × cosθ
where:
- W = Work done
- F = Force applied
- d = Displacement
- θ = Angle between force and displacement
Positive work: Force and displacement in the same direction (θ = 0°)
Negative work: Force and displacement in opposite directions (θ = 180°)
Zero work: No displacement or force is perpendicular to displacement (θ = 90°)
SI Unit: Joule (J)
1 Joule = 1 Newton × 1 metre
1 kJ = 1000 J

🔹 2. Energy

Energy is the capacity to do work.
SI Unit: Joule (J)

🟢 Types of Mechanical Energy:

Kinetic Energy (K.E.) – energy of a body due to motion
K.E. = ½ mv²
Potential Energy (P.E.) – energy of a body due to position
P.E. = mgh

🔹 3. Work-Energy Theorem

Work done on an object = Change in its kinetic energy
W = ΔK.E.

🔹 4. Power

Power is the rate of doing work.
P = W / t
where:
- P = Power
- W = Work done
- t = Time taken
SI Unit: Watt (W)
1 Watt = 1 Joule / 1 second
1 kW = 1000 W
1 HP (Horse Power) = 746 W

🔹 5. Commercial Unit of Energy

1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 1000 Watts × 3600 seconds = 3.6 × 10⁶ Joules
It is used for electricity bills.

🔹 6. Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it only changes from one form to another.
Total energy remains constant in an isolated system.

🧠 MCQ Focus Areas

Definitions and SI units of work, energy, and power
Conditions for positive, negative, or zero work
Formulas of K.E., P.E., Power, Work
Work-Energy theorem
Unit conversions: Joule ↔ kJ, Watt ↔ kW, kWh ↔ J
Application-based and conceptual MCQs: e.g., what happens to K.E. when velocity doubles?