
Wave β Summary Note
This lesson, βWaveβ, is ideal for your Bridge Course or Class 10 to Class 11 Science transition, written in a simple, exam-oriented style for students in Nepal.
This summary helps in understanding the basic principles of wave motion, which are fundamental for later chapters in physics, like sound, optics, and electromagnetism.
πΉ Definition ofΒ Waves
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without the transfer of matter. Waves play a crucial role in the transmission of sound, light, and energy through various media.
πΉ Types of Waves
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Mechanical Waves
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Need a medium to travel (e.g., air, water, solid).
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Examples: Sound waves, water waves.
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Further divided into:
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Transverse waves β particles move perpendicular to the wave direction.
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Longitudinal waves β particles move parallel to the wave direction.
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Electromagnetic Waves
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Do not need a medium to travel.
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Can travel through a vacuum.
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Examples: Light, X-rays, radio waves.
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πΉ Key Terms
Term | Definition |
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Wavelength (Ξ») | The distance between two consecutive crests or compressions. |
Frequency (f) | Number of waves produced per second (Hz). |
Amplitude (A) | Maximum displacement of a particle from its rest position. |
Time Period (T) | Time taken to complete one full wave. |
Wave Speed (v) | The distance a wave travels per second. Formula: v = f Γ Ξ» |
πΉ Properties of Waves
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Reflection: Bouncing back of a wave from a surface.
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Refraction: Bending of waves when they enter a new medium.
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Diffraction: Spreading of waves around corners or openings.
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Interference: Overlapping of two or more waves.
πΉ Examples in Daily Life
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Sound from a speaker (mechanical, longitudinal)
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Light from the sun (electromagnetic, transverse)
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Water waves (mechanical, transverse)
π Important Formula
Wave speed (v) = Frequency (f) Γ Wavelength (Ξ»)
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